What are In-Ear Monitors (IEMs)?

In-ear monitors (IEMs or in-ears) are earpieces that deliver a performer's personal monitor mix straight into their ears, usually by wireless, instead of using wedge speakers on stage. They are now standard for touring artists, worship bands, TV shows and many festival acts, and are increasingly common at smaller venues too.

How in-ear monitors work

An in-ear system works in five steps:

  1. Mix: the monitor engineer creates a separate mix for each performer in monitor world.
  2. Transmit: a transmitter sends each mix as a radio signal, often in stereo.
  3. Receive: each performer wears a small bodypack receiver on their belt.
  4. Listen: the bodypack feeds the earpieces, which seal out most stage noise.
  5. Adjust: during the show, performers signal the engineer for changes.

Wireless in-ears use radio frequencies, which must be planned with the venue or festival. These needs, along with the act's monitor set-up, are agreed during the advance in Crescat.

In-ear monitors vs wedges

Wedges are floor speakers, so performers hear the mix in the air along with the room. In-ears deliver the mix directly to the ear, giving more control, less stage noise and better hearing protection. Some performers miss the feel of the room, so engineers add audience mics to the in-ear mix. Many bands use both.

What an in-ear set-up includes

  • Earpieces: universal fit, or custom moulds made from ear impressions
  • Bodypack receivers, one per performer
  • Transmitters, one per mix
  • An antenna to boost range
  • Wired packs for drummers or keyboard players who stay still
  • Spare batteries for every show

Frequently asked questions

Do you need a licence for wireless in-ears?

It depends on the country and frequencies used. In the UK, many wireless systems need an Ofcom licence, and festivals coordinate frequencies across all stages. Always check the frequency plan with the venue or festival.

Are custom in-ears worth it?

For regular performers, usually. Custom moulds fit better, block more noise and are more comfortable for long shows. Universal-fit earpieces are cheaper and fine for occasional use.

Do in-ears protect hearing?

They can, by lowering stage volume and letting performers listen at safer levels. But they still need to be kept at sensible levels, and a limiter in the system helps.

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